Temperature
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Temperature is defined as ‘the average kinetic energy per particle’. However, not all particles have the same amount of thermal energy but the hotter the material the faster, on average, the particles move.
Temperature can be measured in various scales: Kelvin, Celsius and Fahrenheit. The Celsius scale is the most commonly used scale, the numbers were chosen using the melting and boiling points of water (0 and 100 respectively).
The Kelvin scale is the scale that is used by most scientist. The 0 on the Kelvin scale is absolute zero. Absolute zero (− 273 C) is the point of which particles have no kinetic energy. However, this is technically impossible according to the laws of atomic physics. In fact, at this temperature the particles would have the minimum energy possible. The Kelvin is also equivalent to a degree Celsius. The Fahrenheit is a scale that is least used. The Fahrenheit scale was designed so that the boiling and melting point of water is exactly 180 degrees apart.
Below are some useful notes and graphical display for your reference:
Conversion of Temperature Scales:
Celsius - Kelvin: K = C + 273
Kelvin - Celsius: C = K - 273
Celsius - Fahrenheit: F = C × 9⁄5 + 32
Fahrenheit - Celsius: C = (F − 32) × 5⁄9
Fahrenheit - Kelvin: K = (F + 459) × 5⁄9
Kelvin - Fahrenheit: F = K × 9⁄5 − 459